The term existential coping is employed because these methods involve individuals efforts to discover an inwardly source in nature, themselves or others that can assist them in coping with their problems. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Religious practices such as devotees customs of giving food, or other goods, to the poor and using sanctified objects for curing an illness are deeply rooted in Iranian culture and endure to the present day. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. As concerns religious coping, we started from the Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE (Pargament, Koenig, & Perez, Citation2000, p. 521). Individuals then keep any information surrounding troubles within the family circle away from public knowledge. Talking in terms of beating a disease . The holy places may also function as reminders of God; Islamic/Quranic teachings argue that remembrance of Allah leads to peace and satisfaction: Those who believe and whose hearts find peace in the remembrance of Allh. The present article is confined to the results obtained in our study in Iran and restricted to religious coping methods. Being struck by a serious illness like cancer can result in the loss of confidence and security in life. I always went to pilgrims when I was under chemotherapy. I never forget Him for a second. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. 5 Here we refer to the real believers and not to the majority of Iranians who according to the law are regarded as Shiites. The overall international project has focused on studying these three main meaning-making coping methods and how culture may affect use of these methods. Demonic Reappraisal - which refers to redefining the stressor as an act of the Devil/an evil power is another coping method we found in the present study. While some households may employ servants, others may struggle to put food on the table. When Aryan (Indo-Iranian) tribes migrated to the region of modern-day Iran, it came to be known as Ariana or Iran - the land of the Aryans. All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour. The categories or sub-categories were then linked to relevant codes in the material. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. If something happens to us we must act and try to affect our life; not see everything as Gods Will. Relation of existential meaning-making domains. Their stable meal mainly comprises of larger amount of grains especially rice, fruits and vegetables with small amounts of read meat. Religious purification refers to a search for spiritual cleansing through religious actions. Relevance to clinical practice Religious actions are integrated parts of the everyday life of people in Muslim countries, including Iran. One interviewee, a 53-year-old woman, explained: I thought maybe I had committed sins and that this was Gods way of punishing me. In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. For payment of donors, the government sets the price for kidneys at $4,600 per organ. He gave me my life and He can take it back. Even Iranians that leave the house as husband and wife can draw negative attention. The primary beverage is black tea. In this regard, a 53-year-old woman, told us: I never ask the clergy for help.. Article. Show abstract. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. If a father or brother knows of a girls boyfriend, they may pretend that they are oblivious to that knowledge. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. External Factors. For more information please visit our Permissions help page. The study highlights the importance of investigating cultural and social context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries. Nonna Khakpour, Contributing Writer, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. In an interview with the Trauma and Mental Health Report (translated, Farsi to English), Hamed Rajabi, director of A Minor Leap Down, explains: This social system is only concerned with how people work and perform, and when that performance is lowered, their behavior is instantly condemned.. Figure 1. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. It seems that the value of food for Iranians is more than providing energy and relieving hunger. In this article, we proceed from the perspective advocated by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018). Because Iran is largely a desert, however, the ideal open space is a culturally constructed spacea garden. I believe God wanted to warn me with illness and maybe death to change my life and be a better person. People generally had more the freedom of choice and expression over, for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. At first glance, public behaviour in Iran is generally conservative. The interview guide was primarily based on the questions used in the Swedish study (Ahmadi, Citation2015); however, some cultural considerations were applied during production of the final protocol. Culture is a tool that its members use to assure their survival and well-being, as well as provide meaning to life. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. Health beliefs: In some cultures, people believe that talking about a possible poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur. So I prepared a notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen. It should not be assumed that all Iranians share the same language, cultural, religious or political beliefs. One of the most notable characteristics of the Iranian people is their thirst for knowledge. It is the same with the saints and Imams. We will try by sociologically analyzing the results, to discuss the role of cultural beliefs in coping. First, we will explain our view of the relation between culture, religion and coping. In this pattern, praying to and conversing with saints and imams are in focus; one interesting finding was that no one reported having turned to Clergies in this respect. However, individuals may not necessarily believe in these actions and instead fake them for the sake of their safety and reputation. Full-text available. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. One can notice it in the institutions dedicated to technology and medical sciences, but also in the general populations remarkable mobilisation of multiple social networks. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. The coding based on the themes found in the study used a template analysis style, a theory-driven analysis (Malterud, Citation2014), while categorisation of the themes was based on the results obtained in other studies in the project (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; Ahmadi et al., Citation2017; Ahmadi, Ahmadi, Erbil, & Cetrez Citation2016). Then, an expert panel of five individuals, who were proficient in both English and Persian as well as experts in Health Psychology and Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, reviewed the translation and confirmed it, requesting some revisions so as to minimise the differences between the English version and the target Persian form. Across most households, elders are deeply respected and cared for. When healthcare professionals encounter a more acculturated Hmong family in the U.S., they will likely see more balance of power between mother and father. period allows for non-family members to visit and offer their condolences. It is also considered quite prestigious to be able to trace ones heritage back for centuries. All these things calm me down and give me strength. After the coding process was complete, we established the fundamental characteristics of the methods the informants employed to cope with their cancer disease. We use cookies to improve your website experience. (Bhardwaj, Citation1998, p. 72). The Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom, Iran is one of the holiest sites for Shia M Another coping method in this category is Punishing God Reappraisal. In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. Several Iranian dishes originated from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. There remains a great deal of protection around girls in this regard. Illness is our fault; it is due to our bad habits and way of life. When discussing religious coping, it is vital to consider circumstances in which religion and coping are interlaced. Mexicans are very Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. Family beliefs define what you think is essential and what is good. This is the way they act at home or with their inner circle, where they can reveal their baaten (inside or true) identity without risk of arrest. As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. Ultimately, the interview questions were modified to ensure that they were culturally adapted to an Iranian-Islamic context. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. (PERSIAN CULTURE) Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. Conflict related to cultural beliefs within healthcare commonly arises during times of significant life change. Mixing of males and females only really occurs within families or closely knit circles of friends. Beliefs define what you think is essential and what is good is a! Really occurs within families or closely knit circles of friends results from the perspective advocated by and... 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