Access to Asylum: Federal law provides for granting asylum, refugee status, or complementary protection to those fleeing persecution or facing possible threats to their life, security, or liberty in their country of origin; this right was generally respected. Heavily armed members of criminal groups often patrol areas of the state and operate with impunity particularly along the border region from Reynosa to Nuevo Laredo. The government generally exempted accompanying adults from detention to preserve family unity. State human rights commissions investigate state and municipal police forces and can issue similar recommendations. InSight Crime's GameChangers 2022 looks back at the most consequential criminal stories across Latin America this year. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Morelos state. Exercise Increased Caution When Traveling To: Exercise Normal Precautions When Traveling To: Visit our website forTravel to High-Risk Areas. The state search commission paused all search efforts between May and June due to increased levels of insecurity for family search collectives, according to civil society groups. It was created in 2019 to bring together national and international forensic experts to help identify 37,000 unidentified remains held in government facilities, coordinate implementation of the general law on forced disappearances, and allocate resources to state search commissions. In one such program I encountered in Michoacn, for example, teenagers were paid by the government to receive training as hairdressers while the hairdressers were paid for the teaching. Follow the U.S. Embassy on Facebook and Twitter. Sandoval remained in pretrial detention as of August. The NGO Mexican Commission for the Defense and Promotion of Human Rights identified 15 incidents between January and July of mass forced internal displacement (defined as the displacement of at least 10 families or 50 individuals) due to violence. Almost two-thirds (64 percent) reported physical violence at the time of arrest, including electric shocks, choking, and smothering. Travel on Highway 5 is permissible during daylight hours. Links to external websites are provided as a convenience and should not be construed as an endorsement by the U.S. Department of State of the views or products contained therein. In 2019 the federal government introduced pensions for persons with disabilities in a state of poverty. The CDC's latest guidance on international travel for vaccinated people can be foundhere. Some areas of Mexico have increased risk of crime and kidnapping. On April 24, congress approved a reform to the labor law aimed at banning subcontracting of personnel for core or main economic activities in the public and private sectors. In March authorities in Mexico City opened an investigation based on allegations of rape against Andres Roemer, a prominent writer, producer, consular officer, and former UNESCO goodwill ambassador. The minimum age for hazardous work is 18, including all work in the agricultural sector. Although the constitution and law provide for an independent judiciary, court decisions were susceptible to improper influence by both private and public entities, particularly at the state and local level, as well as by transnational criminal organizations. Since 2019 more than 60 women accused Roemer of sexual abuse, assault, and rape. The law provides for the right of indigenous persons to elect representatives to local office according to uses and customs law (see section 6, Indigenous Peoples) rather than federal and state electoral law. Cozumel is a very safe place to vacation in 2023, with a low historic crime rate, especially relative to other US and Mexican destinations. Many women working in the industry reported suffering some form of abuse. As in 2020, NGOs in Campeche and Yucatan submitted multiple civil injunctions against the project citing a lack of transparency regarding environmental impact assessments and adverse effects on indigenous cultural heritage. Not all public defenders were qualified, however, and often the state public defender system was understaffed. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. When forces such as the Mexican Army (SEDENA) and Navy (SEMAR) or the National Guard, now numbering perhaps 100,000, are deployed, they are mostly sent to patrol the streets without active operations against local criminal groups. See the Department of States Annual Report on International Parental Child Abduction at https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data/reported-cases. In March attackers shot and killed Father Gumersindo Cortes in Guanajuato. In March police officers broke the neck of Salvadoran refugee Victoria Salazar. Under past governments, charging the military with these tasks has contributed to serious cover-ups of human rights abuses. According to several NGOs and unions, many workers faced violence and intimidation perpetrated by protection union leaders and employers supporting them, as well as other workers, union leaders, and vigilantes hired by a company to suppress opposition to an existing union in bargaining-rights elections. During the electoral season (September 2020 to June), assailants killed 36 candidates and 64 politicians. Instead of police reform, Lpez Obrador has intensified militarization of public life in Mexico not just in security, but also in the economic domain. A 2019 study by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights documented the Mechanisms problems in coordinating protective measures, providing resources, and establishing clear procedures. Journalists could criticize the government and discuss matters of general interest with no restrictions. Most homicides appeared to be targeted; however, criminal organization assassinations and territorial disputes can result in bystanders being injured or killed. Three days later, a trans woman was murdered in the same. Digital media journalists covering stories such as crime, corruption, and human rights violations experienced physical violence and online abuse. Defendants may not be compelled to testify or confess guilt. (As of late 2022, tourists flying into Cancun are automatically given . Indeed, the Yucatan is one of the only states in Mexico with no transnational criminal organization or terrorist group. U.S. government employees may not travel to other areas of Sinaloa state. There were credible reports of sexual assaults against migrants, particularly women, while migrating in and through the country. Black migrants reported migration authorities detained Black migrants for longer periods than other migrants. While most gang-related violence is targeted, violence perpetrated by criminal organizations can affect bystanders. Authorities arrested four police officers and charged them with femicide (killing a woman because of her gender). Of the 32 states, 24 criminalize sexual harassment, and all states have provisions for punishment when the perpetrator is in a position of power. Between September 2020 and June, the STPS reported conducting labor inspections in 22,350 work centers nationwide benefiting more than three million workers. Mexico endorsed the Safe Schools Declaration in May 2021. This piece was originally published by Mexico Today. The government did not effectively enforce the law. Women and children were subjected to domestic servitude. Unlike the Federal Police which the Lpez Obrador administration dismantled, the National Guard is nominally supposed to be stationed in a locality permanently. The law prohibits minors from working in a broad list of hazardous and unhealthy occupations. Tabasco state Exercise Increased Caution. - Around 35% of the borough's residents live in poverty. Penalties for law violations regarding occupational safety and health regulations were commensurate with those for other similar laws but were rarely enforced. Politicians publicly discredited and criticized such journalists, however. The plan is insufficient to meet the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming to 1.5C, according to the Climate Action Tracker. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Tabasco state. In much of Michoacn, Guerrero, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz, local politics, economics, and much of peoples everyday life is arbitrated by the narcos. For example, the office issued three arrest warrants in the case of the August 2020 killing of Juan Nelcio Espinosa, an independent journalist in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, who died while in police custody. In August 2021, President Lpez Obrador held a referendum on whether past political actors since 1988 should be tried for crimes including electoral fraud, corruption, and loss of lives to neoliberalism. Reductions in fighting, such as in Michoacns Apatzingn or Guerreros Acapulco where I conducted fieldwork, occurs mainlybecause a particular group or criminal alliance manages to establish temporary territorial control, a narcopeace: be it Crteles Unidos in that part of theTierra Caliente,or Caro Quinteros and Los Chapitos branches of the Sinaloa Cartel in high-value extortion and drug trafficking in Acapulco. Many companies evaded taxes and social security payments by employing workers through subcontracting regimes or by submitting falsified payroll records to the Mexican Social Security Institute. U.S. government employees must adhere to the noted restrictions: Travelers may use Highways 2 and 2D to transit between Mexicali, Los Algodones, and San Luis Rio Colorado during daylight hours. In November, the Supreme Court overturned the law, declaring it unconstitutional. Southern states reported the lowest access to skilled health care during pregnancy due to geographic, financial, and cultural barriers. Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. All states prohibit marriage of persons younger than age 18. At all levels, police reform has mostly stalled. In these areas, local law enforcement has limited capacity to respond to incidents of crime. Between January and May there were an additional 20 complaints of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment against the National Guard, 20 against the army, and 11 against the National Migration Institute. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation. Independent Monitoring: The government permitted independent monitoring of prison conditions by the International Committee of the Red Cross, CNDH, and state human rights commissions. See state summaries and advisory levels below for information on your specific travel destination. In 2019 the Prosecutor Generals Office opened a corruption investigation against Lozoya for receiving up to $10 million in bribes from the Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht. Nevertheless, only 2 percent of schoolteachers in the country were trained to teach children with disabilities, according to the civil society organization Yo Tambien. On February 19, a constitutional reform eliminated presidential immunity for corruption and other crimes. The official leading Mexicos response has called large-scale testing useless and a waste of time, despite the World Health Organizations insistence on the importance of testing. Nayarit state Exercise Increased Caution. There were reports of security forces using excessive force against demonstrators. Organized criminal groups were implicated in numerous killings, acting with impunity and at times in collusion with corrupt federal, state, local, and security officials. Law enforcement actions to curb illegal deforestation drastically diminished in recent years. The Lpez Obrador administration has failed to take many of the basic steps recommended by global health authorities to limit the spread of Covid-19. However, authorities often fail to investigate allegations of torture. Municipal candidates and challengers seeking to oust incumbents were the most common victims of political violence, with victims spread across the political spectrum. Do not display signs of wealth, such as wearing expensive watches or jewelry. By law attorneys are required to meet professional qualifications to represent a defendant. After almost seven years in the role, Dr. Jennifer McEntire will step away from her role as Chief Food Safety Officer at the International Fresh Produce Association (IFPA) on May 5, 2023. People with disabilities receive little government protection or support and are at higher risk of abuse and neglect by their families. All 32 states allow abortion in cases of rape. In 2019 legislators passed a constitutional reform recognizing Afro-Mexicans as an ethnic group. Discrimination: The law provides women the same legal status and rights as men and equal pay for equal work performed in equal jobs, hours of work, and conditions of efficiency. The law establishes penalties for discrimination based on gender, race, ethnicity, color, religion, language, pregnancy, political belief, or any other nature that violates human dignity. The National Population Council estimated that in 2020 and 2021, a total of 1,172,000 women had limited access to contraceptives due to COVID-19. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout the state. Many suffered abuses from criminal cartels or Mexican authorities. As of July, 94 percent of active unions under federal jurisdiction had registered their amended statutes with the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare (STPS), but only 39 percent of active unions under local jurisdiction had registered their amendments with the CABs. Although Cancun is far from what I'd consider a completely safe city, it's far from overly dangerous. The threat against journalists by organized crime was particularly high in the state of Guerrero. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. A 2017 law made it illegal to use confessions obtained through torture as evidence at criminal trials. Following the introduction of the accusatorial justice system, however, there was a significant reduction in the number of persons detained in this manner, falling from more than 1,900 in 2011 to 21 in 2018. More than 23,000 are listed as having disappeared since President Lpez Obrador took office in December 2018. In June 2020, Mexico was elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for 2021 to 2022. Travelers may also use Highways 1 and 8 to transit to and from the Mexicali Airport during daylight hours. Reforms to the Prosecutor Generals Office split the Office for Combating Violence Against Women and the Trafficking in Persons offices in an effort to elevate these issues by giving each its own special prosecutor general. The law states that the principle of gender parity should be observed in the designation of cabinet members, selection of candidates for public office by every political party, and designation of members of the judiciary. Yes, Puerto Vallarta is a safe place to visit right now. Forced labor persisted in the domestic service and in child-care, manufacturing, mining, food-processing, construction, tourism, begging, street-vending, leather-goods-production, and agriculture sectors, especially in the production of chili peppers and tomatoes. Sanchez was a reporter for Facebook-based Panorama Pacifico and was in the protection mechanism after suffering an attempt on his life in July 2020. Penalties were commensurate with other similar laws but were rarely enforced. Impromptu roadblocks requiring payment to pass are common. The Bicentennial Framework is unlikely to restore that. Police and prosecutors commonly use torture to obtain confessions. U.S. government employees may not travel to other parts of Tamaulipas state. "This province . State-specific restrictions are included in the individual state advisories below. San Luis Potos, SLP.- San Luis Potos is the second most dangerous city in the country, according to the National Victimization Survey on Public Safety (Envipe) 2021, carried out by INEGI. The Jalisco government disarmed the municipal police force of Ixtlahuacan and turned over public security duties to the National Guard and the Jalisco Secretariat for Public Security. Legally mandated joint management and labor committees set standards and are responsible for overseeing workplace standards in plants and offices. The government did not enforce the law effectively. According to the National Womens Institute, the federal institution charged with directing national policy on equal opportunity for men and women, sexual harassment in the workplace was a significant problem. 31 cases of sexual offences per day. During the COVID-19 pandemic, indigenous persons faced additional hardships in accessing educational services. In 2020, Mexico appointed itself as one of 23 Champion countries of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. In January 2020 the government raised the minimum wage. Travel for U.S. government employees is limited to the following area with the noted restrictions: U.S. government employees may not travel to other areas of the state of Guerrero, including to tourist areas inAcapulco,Zihuatanejo, andIxtapa. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout the state. The state commissions are funded by state legislatures and are semiautonomous. Between January and July COMAR processed approximately 25,000 cases. Federal law specifically proscribes discrimination based on ethnicity, nationality, gender, age, disability, social status, health, religion, immigration status, political opinion, sexual preference, marital status, or pregnancy. The National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) is responsible for independently investigating security force abuses, including killings, and can issue nonbinding recommendations for prosecution. Children performed dangerous tasks in agriculture in the production of beans, chili peppers, coffee, cucumbers, eggplants, melons, onions, tomatoes, and tobacco. The governments National Council of Norms and Labor Competencies certified law enforcement internal affairs investigators and created standard internal affairs training to promote transparency and accountability. There is no single independent oversight mechanism to review police actions, but many federal and state security and justice sector institutions have internal affairs units providing internal supervision and promoting best practices for transparency and accountability. The law requires the Secretariat of Health to promote the creation of long-term institutions for persons with disabilities in distress, and the Secretariat of Social Development must establish specialized institutions to care for, protect, and house poor, neglected, or marginalized persons with disabilities. Their abduction followed the killings of two Yaqui activists and leaders: Thomas Rojo in May and Luis Urbano in June. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Quintana Roo state, which include tourist areas in:Cancun,Cozumel, Isla Mujeres,Playa del Carmen,Tulum, andtheRiviera Maya. According to data from the Mexican Social Security Institute, in 2020 there were approximately 278,000 workplace accidents, resulting in 666 deaths. What we know: - The suburb of Iztapalapa is the most densely populated area of Mexico City. Police occasionally failed to provide impoverished detainees access to counsel during arrests and investigations as provided for by law, although the right to public defense during trial was generally respected. In March the government amended federal labor law to define the minimum wage as the lowest cash amount a worker receives for services rendered during a workday and stipulated it should never be below the inflation rate. Rape and Domestic Violence: Federal law criminalizes the rape of men and women, including spousal rape, and conviction carries penalties of up to 20 years imprisonment. 11 hijackings per day. From January through August 2021, Mexico received nearly 78,000 asylum applications but resolved just over 23,000. On August 7, Yucatan governor Mauricio Villa announced the arrest of four police officers, but on August 14, a judge set them free due to a lack of evidence. The army and the navy have human rights units to create protocols and training. According to NGO Article 19, lethal attacks occurred against journalists in Sonora, including the killings of Benjamin Morales on May 3 and Ricardo Lopez Dominguez on July 22 and the disappearance of Jorge Molontzin on March 16. In most states alternative justice centers employed mechanisms such as mediation, negotiation, and restorative justice to resolve minor offenses outside the court system. U.S. government employees may travel to other parts of Sonora state in compliance with the above restrictions, including tourist areas in: Hermosillo, Bahia de Kino, and Puerto Penasco. Citizens generally registered the births of newborns with local authorities. Use toll roads when possible and avoid driving alone or at night. Political Parties and Political Participation: For the electoral process, the National Electoral Institute (INE) established the Three Out of Three Against Violence initiative, which required candidates to declare any history of domestic violence, sexual offenses, or failure to pay alimony. The increase in domestic violence cases that began during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic continued. In July the Mexico City congress passed a law to provide, promote, and protect LGBTQI+ human rights. Women with disabilities suffer disproportionate violence. Voting centers for federal elections were generally accessible for persons with disabilities, and ballots were available with a braille overlay for federal elections in Mexico City, but these services were inconsistently available for local elections elsewhere in the country. If separating from your travel group, send a friend your GPS location. The law also provides for the rights of appeal and of bail in most categories of crimes. (Lpez Obrador falsely claimed in November 2021 that a deal to end forest loss by 2030 reached at the global climate summit in Glasgow was inspired by Sowing Life.) Local commentators pointed to the electoral authorities quick and transparent publishing of results as increasing citizen trust in the electoral and democratic system. According to civil society organizations, up to 3,250 persons, mostly women and children from indigenous communities, were forcibly displaced in July in Chenalho and Pantelho, Chiapas, due to territorial disputes between armed groups. See the Department of States Trafficking in Persons Report at https://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report/. The Prosecutor Generals Office owned a previous genetics database, which consisted of 63,000 profiles, and was responsible for the new database. Documentation supporting a persons identity and origin was lacking. Freedom of Expression for Members of the Press and Media, Including Online Media: Independent media were active and expressed a wide variety of views without restriction but often self-censored due to fear of reprisal. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. According to advocacy groups, no information was available concerning the criteria through which the government chooses media outlets for public advertising. This requirement was not followed in all cases, particularly in remote areas of the country. The law mandates the creation of a public registry of companies supplying specialized services to verify only registered companies fulfilling tax and administrative requirements may supply those services. As of September 2021, the platform had recorded over 90,000 people disappeared, mostly since 2006. By law government health providers are obliged to offer sexual and reproductive emergency health services for survivors of sexual violence within 120 hours of the sexual assault. Sexual Harassment: Federal law prohibits sexual harassment and provides for fines from 250 to 5,000 times the minimum daily wage, but the law was not effectively enforced. U.S. government employees may not drive from the U.S.-Mexico border to or from the interior parts of Mexico, except daytime travel within Baja California and between Nogales and Hermosillo on Mexican Federal Highway 15D, and between Nuevo Laredo and Monterrey on Highway 85D. Authorities routinely fail to investigate crimes against journalists adequately, often preemptively ruling out their profession as a motive. The 911 hotline received 139,554 calls reporting incidents of violence against women from January to June, an increase of 6 percent over the same months in 2020. Some prisons were undersubscribed, while others were overcrowded. Nor do reductions in murders mean other forms of violence, such as extortion, or criminal groups control over territories and people, have lessened. However, in a leaked audio recording from 2019, a senior migration official told her team they were now under the instruction and supervision of the National Guard. In September 2021, National Guard troops and Mexican immigration agents violently detained a series of caravans of asylum seekers in Chiapas state, leaving many injured. In 2016 all civilian and military courts officially transitioned from an inquisitorial legal system based primarily upon judicial review of written documents to an accusatorial trial system reliant upon oral testimony presented in open court. He has promised to rescue Mexicos coal and oil industries and has introduced reforms that favor state-owned fossil-fuel power plants over renewable energy sources. Labor inspections focused on the formal sector, leaving informal workers with no labor law protection. Thats not always the case. Amidst this systematic weakening of Mexicos institutions,the effort by Lpez Obrador and his Attorney General Alejandro Gertz Manero to gut and reverse Mexicos judicial reforms toward an accusatorial system andweaken judicial independenceare among the most detrimental. The start of the borough & # x27 ; s GameChangers 2022 looks back at the of! Investigate state and municipal police forces and can issue similar recommendations by law attorneys are required to meet the Agreement! Are required to meet professional qualifications to represent a defendant Parental Child Abduction https! Discredited and criticized such journalists, however, and protect LGBTQI+ human rights discredited and criticized journalists., resulting in 666 deaths was available concerning the criteria through which the Lpez Obrador administration dismantled, the is. Being injured or killed the increase in domestic violence cases that began during COVID-19. 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