It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. (Before Earthquake) &&&&&&&& &&& &&(During Earthquake), Fig-1 (Images of the then Dharahara, a nine-storeyed tower at Sundhara, Kathmandu; Before, During and After 1934 Earthquake. Approximately 10,500 deaths are reported for the earthquake, but the true death toll in Nepal is unknown. Soc. Following are the effects of the earthquake: Ground shaking: Surface waves that are near the epicenter are responsible for the earthquake. PNAS, 117, 1761517621. Maharashtra earthquake, 1993. 117, S2, 773-782. In the screenshot above, we have used the hazard viewer to select a circular region of 300 km radius on the reported epicentral location near Mt. [5] In Rajnagar, near Madhubani, all the Kutcha buildings collapsed. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. This indicates that adequate structural design is the key to reduce the earthquake risk in Nepal. Seismic imaging of the main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow dcollement and blind thrusting. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. This mountainous region is one of the most seismically active continental areas on earth. - 202.3.109.12. Rana, B. S. (1935). Dhunche The Postal Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the deposits. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. and Geology at UC Davis and The following entry is based on summaries found in Bilham et al (1998; 2001) and Hough & Bilham,(2008). Kathmandu valley was severely damaged in that earthquake. Minimum rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km. Most of the roads were fissured with fissured depth even upto 13-15 feet and for considerable length. There is some dispute as to the epicenter of the event, with one report placing it about 10 km south of Mt. The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Himalayan tectonics: A modern synthesis. It was felt in northern India, where additional deaths and damage were reported. During this 1934 event, intensity X (maximum on the Mercalli scale) shaking from Motihari through Sitamarhi to Madhubani in Bihar caused extensive liquefaction in 128-km long and 30-km wide area (slump belt) which led to the collapse of most of the buildings in these regions. Sukhija, B. S., Rao, M. N., Reddy, D. V., Nagabhushanam, P., Kumar, D., Lakshmi, B. V., & Sharma, P. (2002). Science, 294, 23282331. done in Zurich after a mining disaster in 1906 and an earthquake in Messina, Italy in 1908 (Stierlin, 1909 and 1911). He specializes in the quantification and simulation of India As of 27 April 2015 at 4:14 p.m., Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh,confirmed that56 people died in the state of Bihar,12 in Uttar Pradesh,3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan. - 1st January, 1930". Nature Journalof EarthSystem Science 117, 773782. As it was felt that what was needed after the Earthquake that the drainage of the sub-soil water should be properly guided the Tirthut Waterways Division came into being. 79 1237-1250. Thus much of the damage in northern India was not due to high ground acceleration there but rather due to surface disruption of the earths surfacial layers. Overcoming the odds How Babur Arafat brought Pride to India. Geophys. S. K. BANERJI . The towns that had suffered very severely are Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Motihari, Bettiah, Supaul, Madhepura, Lekhiasarai (Darbhanga), Pusa, Purea, Monger and Patna. The number of deaths was (1981). Officers of the Geological Survey of India officers compiled a memoir on the earthquake (Dunn et al. Most of the destruction of structures built on unconsolidated sediment had been assumed due to amplification effect of such loose deposits. As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes. The ground around these sand fissures subsided, causing more damage. CrossRef . John Rundle is a Distinguished Professor of Physics (2020). Pandey, M. R., & Molnar, P. (1988). Martin, S., & Szeliga, W. (2010). 1250). (2017b). News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. The flood may result due to damage caused to the dams. A brief report has also been written by Mr. N. Nasu (Bull. Ambraseys N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes; Geophys. Depending on the locality, the earthquake was said to last for 2-5 minutes with peak shaking around 2.5 mins after the initiation of earthquake. Earthq. stiffness were widely publicised and led to the general adoption in the construction of private buildings. The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. These effects are discussed in detail by Hough and Bilham (2008). The devastating quake of 8.3-magnitude on Richter scale that fateful day . The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). Bashyal, R. P. (1998). Sapkota, S.; Tapponnier, P.; Bollinger, L.; Klinger, Y.; Gaudemer, Y.; Tiwari, D. R.; Siwakoti, I.; Rizza, M.Surface Rupture of the Mw 8.1, 1934, Bihar Nepal Earthquake AGU abstract 2011. Lett. In: P. J. Treloar, & M. P. Searle (Eds. Mitigation Measures for Earthquakes in India listrik dan panas, serta mempunyai titik cair tinggi. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. Pandey M R and Molnar P 1988 The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone; J. Geol. Seismol. The great Indian Earthquake of January 15, 1934. The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. http://bit.ly/2bO3W3i. At Pusa, the buildings that had housed the Imperial Institute for Agricultural Research were reduced to debris and that is the reason why the Institute was re-built at New Pusa in Delhi. documenting the mental health effects of natural and man-made disasters. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In the light of the increased population today, compared with 1934, the death toll would likely be 22,000 and the number of injured 25,000. Yeats, R. S., & Thakur, V. C. (2008). New quake hits Turkey, toppling more buildings: 1 killed Officials say a magnitude 5.6 earthquake shook southern Turkey causing some damaged buildings to collapse and killing at least one person Feb. 25, 2023, 9:00 AM ET (AP) Turkey launches investigation into 612 people after quake The clock in the tower of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m. Bhaktapur also saw massive destruction but less than these five villages. (2013). At Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the river. India Geol. Following the major quake, twenty-eight numbers of after-shocks were recorded; where few of them were greater shocks too. The reaction of the earthquake on rivers was remarkable. Impact Summary; Read Steve's blog. the Kinnaur earthquake (1975), Dharam . Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. A preliminary report on the earthquake by Messrs. J. chaired the Board of Advisors for the Southern California Earthquake Center from 1994 to 1996. In 2016, floods affected over 2.2 million people along the Ganga, including in Bihar's capital Patna, despite 14% less than average rainfall in the state. The agricultural field was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 Bihar earthquake. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and from Assam to Punjab. This earthquake of 1834 and an earlier one in 1833 of similar size and in almost the same epicenter have released some of the strain caused by the ongoing collision of the Indian and the Eurasian plates. No contemporary surface rupture was reported for this great Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal. Wesnousky, S. G. (2020). doi:10.1007/s00190- 006-0030-3. The activity is a result of the slow northward movement of the Indian Subcontinent, colliding with the great Asian landmass of China. Steven Ward is a Research Geophysicist at Nasu, N. (1935). Large paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal on the Himalayan frontal thrust. The flood problems of North Bihar not only justify but have made the Waterways Division extremely important to regulate and conduct the flood policy of the Government of Bihar. It is officially estimated that the flood-affected area of Bihar has increased from 2.5 million hectares in 1954 to 7.3 million hectares in 2016. B. Rana (1935) indicates that severe shaking occurred in eastern Nepal. Fortunately, the floods following after some time were not very severe in the districts affected by the Earthquake. Geol. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 115. 1934 Bihar Earthquake (click photos to enlarge): The last entry in GTG's service record states "Resigned commission in A.I.R.O. Currently, the probability of a M>6 earthquake within the circular region can be read from the table as about 9.2% over the next year from now, June 13, 2013. Portland cement subjected to rigid tests replaced mud mortar. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. Chen W-P and Kao H 1996 Seismotectonics of Asia: Some recent progress; In: The Tectonic Evolution of Asia (eds) Yin A and Harrison T M, Cambridge University Press, 37-54. [9][10], Mahatma Gandhi visited the Bihar state. The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. Almost half of the bridges in the valley would be impassible, and 10 percent of all paved roads would have moderate damage, such as deep cracks or subsidence. Thru~ t (MRT) and is about 50 Km east northeast of the location of great Bihar-Nepal earthquake of january 15, 1934. Tectonophysics, 453, 6373. ), 2019. The worst damage in Terai was observed in Siraha and Saptari Districts. These seven martyrs wrote history of freedom with their blood in Patna. Damage to a man-made structure. Google Scholar. The paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis . The North Bihar Earthquake, 1934. Nepal is exposed to several recurring hazards. 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