2). Samples were freeze-thawed three times and titered by plaque assay. (Fig. and JavaScript. J. Med. provided experimental design and interpretation. & Spear, P. G. Entry of alphaherpesviruses mediated by poliovirus receptorrelated protein 1 and poliovirus receptor. At 24h.p.i, virus was harvested and titered. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Antiviral Potential of Melissa officinalis L.: A Literature Review. The active constituent(s) in M. officinalis is caffeic acid and/or its derivatives58. To obtain At 8h.p.i., total RNA was isolated by the Qiagen RNeasy Kit according to the manufactures protocol. As shown in Fig. by scraping into the media. Using different formulations together increases the risk of an overdose. The injectable form of pitcher plant may cause a sensation of warmth where it is injected into the body. Virol. 122, e163 (2016). Heterogeneity and evolution of thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1: Implications for antiviral therapy. L.K., As.K., Ar.K. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The function of temporally ordered viral gene expression in the intracellular replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). B. Antiviral Compounds from Plants (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1990). Kress H Henriette's Herbal Homepage website. Phytochemistry 94, 238242 (2013). Med. Information not dated. For clarity, this concentration of the S. purpurea extract (in g/ml) represents the concentration of total non-volatile components present in the total plant extract and not the concentration of the active compound since this is unknown at this time. A. CAS USA 101, 74457450 (2004). However, pitcher plant has not been proven with research to be effective in treating these conditions. J. Trop. (C) The plaque assay in (B) was repeated in the presence of the S. purpurea extract and vehicle (50% ethanol/10% glycerin) and the results graphed. The IC50 for the S. purpurea extract based on plaque reduction was calculated to be approximately 23g/ml and the CC50 using an MTS assay was calculated to be approximately 161g/ml resulting in a Selectivity Index of 7 (Fig. 2). Error bars indicate the standard deviation from three separate trials. Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of monogalactosyl diglyceride and digalactosyl diglyceride from Clinacanthus nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine. Glob. Virus were harvested at 1 (for input virus titer) and 24h.p.i. For the cells receiving multiple S. purpurea treatments, media was replaced with fresh media containing the varying amounts of S. purpurea extract every six hours. The Lancet. 2023 Jan 12;16:11786388221146683. doi: 10.1177/11786388221146683. Pongmuangmul, S. et al. J. Med. performed experimental procedures. PubMed Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. S. purpurea reduced HSV-1 ICP4, ICP8, and gC protein levels in a time dependent manner. Herb: Pitcher Plant Latin name: Sarracenia purpurea Family: Sarraceniaceae (Pitcherplant Family) Medicinal use of Pitcher Plant: The root and leaves are diuretic, hepatic, laxative, stomachic and tonic. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140765 (2015). An infusion of the leaves was at one time considered to be a cure for smallpox[4, 257], Arizona State University reached a positive outcome testing Saracenia Purpurea vs. smallpox . Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. After 3days, the cell monolayers were stained with crystal violet. Docosanol, a saturated fatty alcohol, is thought to inhibit viral replication by inhibiting the fusion of the human host cell with the viral envelope of HSV-1. + Disrupts Viral mRNA. 2015 May;117:115-21. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.02.007. Commun. On the employment of the Sarracenia purpurea, or Indian Pitcher Plant, as a remedy for smallpox. Biomed. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. Plaques were visualized by staining with 0.1% crystal violet in 20% ethanol. HSV-1 develops drug resistance in patients predominantly due to mutations in the genetic code for thymidine kinase as well as DNA polymerase15. No cell toxicity was observed with S. purpurea extracts at the doses used (up to 120g/ml) (Fig. wrote the manuscript. Garner, J. Epub 2015 Mar 4. As mentioned, S. purpurea has previously been shown to inhibit poxvirus replication by inhibiting early viral gene transcription34. Oral Radiol. Biol. Read our privacy policy. 48, 199226 (1994). Historical sources suggest that in the 1800s, when smallpox still posed a serious threat, the Micmac native Americans of Nova Scotia treated the diseaseusing a botanical infusion derived from the insectivorous plantSarracenia purpurea, a species of pitcher plant. For anti-poxvirus activity, S. purpurea extracts were previously shown to target and inhibit early viral gene transcription. Vero cells were infected and treated with increasing concentrations of S. purpurea extract and incubated on ice for 2h. Incubation at 4C allows for viral binding to the host cell receptor but inhibits viral uptake into the cell. 1C,D). Native Americans . Li, D., Wang, P. Q. Extracts from the carnivorous pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, have previously been shown to inhibit the replication of HSV-1. CC50 was calculated as the dose of the extract that led to 50% cell cytotoxicity. Vero cells were infected with HSV-1 KOS at a MOI of 5. J. Ethnopharmacol. 180 Years. Veja como este site usa. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using. The pre-treated monolayers were infected with 200pfu HSV-1-KOS for 1h, cells were washed two times with PBS to remove unbound virus, followed by the addition of complete media, and the cells incubated for 3days at 37C and crystal violet staining to visualize plaque formation. Error bars indicate the standard deviation from three separate trials. 78, 75087517 (2004). Rev. These results support a broader anti-viral activity of S. purpurea extracts against both pox and herpes viruses. To examine this further, free HSV-1 virions were incubated with the extract, followed by washing of the virus and subsequent infection. 4A,B). 85, 283287 (2003). Hudson, J. Now, Jeffrey Langland at Arizona State University in Tempe, US, and colleagues have conducted in vitro experiments with the herbal extract and found it inhibits replication of the variola virus, the causative agent behind smallpox. Vero cells were mock infected or infected with HSV-1 at a MOI=5 in the presence or absence of S. purpurea (40g/ml) added at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6h.p.i. technical support for your product directly (links go to external sites): Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. ICP8 gene expression was inhibited by 50% or more when treated through 2h.p.i. Cocchi, F., Fusco, D., Menotti, L., Gianni, T. & Eisenberg, R. J. When considering the use of herbal supplements, seek the advice of your doctor. Careers. Topics . Vero cells were infected with HSV-1 at a MOI=5 in the presence or absence of S. purpurea (40g/ml) added at the indicated times post-infection. Other drugs may interact with pitcher plant, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. As shown in Fig. 81, 103107 (2005) (PMID: 15800084). A. This affiliation has no relationship to employment, patents or product marketing. We use MCT Fractionated Coconut Oil. Epub 2021 Jun 29. Sarracenia purpurea to the rescue! Detection was performed using goat anti-mouse or anti-rabbit IgG secondary conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Santa Cruz) in the presence of a chemiluminescent substrate (ThermoFisher). Did you know? PubMed Central Secondary Metabolites with Biomedical Applications from Plants of the Sarraceniaceae Family. An injection form of pitcher plant extract given by a qualified healthcare provider has been used to treat pain in the body. Spoor, D. C., Martineau, L. C., Leduc, C. & Benhaddou-Andaloussi, A. Miles HC. 1E). Taylor, T. J., Brockman, M. A., McNamee, E. E. & Knipe, D. M. Herpes simplex virus. (C) For cell pre-treatment, Vero cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 40, or 60g/ml of S. purpurea extract and incubated for one hour at 37C. Hattori, T., Ikematsu, S., Koito, A., Matsushita, S. & Maeda, Y. EMBO J. In our results, the immediate-early and early proteins were affected when treated earlier (01 or 02h.p.i., respectively), whereas the extract affected the level of late proteins when added later in the infection process (up to 6h.p.i.). (Fig. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Langland, J. O., Jacobs, B. L., Wagner, C. E., Ruiz, G. & Cahill, T. M. Antiviral activity of metal chelates of caffeic acid and similar compounds towards herpes simplex, VSV-ebola pseudotyped and vaccinia virus. Epub 2012 Feb 18. Limited clinical trials for HSV-1 infection, performed by three different research groups, determined that a topical application of S. purpurea, provided rapid relief from the pain and improved healing of the viral-associated lesions, as compared to the placebo group38,39,40. PLoS ONE 8, e62482 (2013). 2003 Jan;57(1-2):25-33. doi: 10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00197-3. To link your comment to your profile, sign in now. Bioterrorism. In addition, this virus is associated with genital herpes, conjunctivitis, keratitis, encephalitis, and eczema herpeticum. Chemotherapy 58, 7077 (2012). Perspect. Virol. Pharmacol. You may not be able to use pitcher plant if you have certain medical conditions. Kost, R. G., Hill, E. L., Tigges, M. & Straus, S. E. Brief report: Recurrent acyclovir-resistant genital herpes in an immunocompetent patient. The purple pitcher plant is grown as an ornamental plant; it is well suited for cool greenhouses, sheltered outdoor spaces, bog gardens and damp woodland areas. Herbal Med. A voucher specimen of all plant material was deposited in a repository. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. You may also consider consulting a practitioner who is trained in the use of herbal/health supplements. S. purpurea was added to the cells at various times following infection (0, 1, 2, 4, 6h.p.i.). J. Infect. Correspondence to Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Fleming T, ed. In this study, we highlight and characterize of the anti-herpetic activity of the carnivorous plant, S. purpurea, which has been reported to relieve pain, lesions and symptoms linked with HSV-1 infection38,39,40. Copyright 1996-2023 Cerner Multum, Inc. (Fig. Behzadi A, Imani S, Deravi N, Mohammad Taheri Z, Mohammadian F, Moraveji Z, Shavysi S, Mostafaloo M, Soleimani Hadidi F, Nanbakhsh S, Olangian-Tehrani S, Marabi MH, Behshood P, Poudineh M, Kheirandish A, Keylani K, Behfarnia P. Nutr Metab Insights. Oh yes, this is a very slick little plant. Untreated virus produced an approximate 3.5-log increase in viral titer compared to input virus (Fig. At this time, a botanical preparation, derived from the carnivorous plant Sarracenia purpurea, was proclaimed as being a successful therapy for smallpox infections. J. Ethnopharmacol. Epub 2021 Nov 27. Version: 1.06. 207, 12951305 (2013). Herold, B. C., Visalli, R. J., Susmarski, N., Brandt, C. R. & Spear, P. G. Glycoprotein C-independent binding of herpes simplex virus to cells requires cell surface heparan sulphate and glycoprotein B. J. Gen. Virol. PubMed The purple pitcherplant is the only pitcherplant native to New England. Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. 88, 96249632 (2014). Oral Pathol. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Oral Surg. Safrin, S., Cherrington, J. 77, 53245332 (2003). MacLeod, D. T., Nakatsuji, T., Yamasaki, K., Kobzik, L. & Gallo, R. L. HSV-1 exploits the innate immune scavenger receptor MARCO to enhance epithelial adsorption and infection. Pitcher plant injections can cause some side effects including feelings of heat or heaviness. See additional information. Reardon, J. E. & Spector, T. Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase. J.L. Science 280, 16181620 (1998). HSV-1 is also associated with more severe infections in neonates, elderly people, patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and patients with drug-induced immune suppression. , Ikematsu, S., Koito, A., McNamee, E. &... Of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase plant, as a for. 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