Morocco/Algeria: Western Sahara conflict shows signs of escalation. Following this first phase, the Moroccan monarch now seems to be wielding the hard power of military and economic pressure, in an attempted strategic play by Rabat to bend the will of Algiers. Nor is it particularly helpful that the careers of Moroccan and Algerian security officials, some of whom were recently appointed, are built around the Sahrawi question and thus a sense of antagonism towards the opposing side. Click 'COMPARE' to process the request. Consultant international et chercheur associ au Centre Jacques-Berque Rabat, et secrtaire gnral du Centre marocain des tudes sur les rfugis (CMER), il est lauteur de Qui gouverne le Maroc : tude sociologique sur le leadership politique (LHarmattan, 2015). And in a deal brokered by the US, the kingdom agreed to resume diplomatic relations with Israel, a long-standing taboo for Algeria which also happens to be the Polisario Fronts main backer. Get your free PDF by completing the following form. Reports also suggest that the newly appointed commander of Moroccos armed forces is a favourite with the Americans. This agreement wasmuch to Algeria's dismay as it has been a firm supporter of the local Polisario Front with the Sahrawi group that seeks independence for the region. The Moroccan overture involved more than just the dismissal of the Spanish foreign minister. The monarch did not replace his predecessor, General Bouchaib Arroub, then in command of the countrys southern provinces. More answers below J.M. The PCA emerged in 1920 as an extension of the French Communist Party (PCF) and eventually became a separate entity in 1936. The issue that would come to most dominate Algeria-Morocco relations in the 20th and 21st centuries is undoubtedly the question of Western Sahara. The leadership of the country is quite critical of isolated attempts of the United States to weave a conspiracy against Algeria, which the Algerian president stated in June 2021 along with Algerias unwillingness to stand next after Syria on Washingtons list. On 10/11/21 at 7:30 AM EDT. Morocco has a comparable armed force, the mainstay of which is 400 Abrams tanks, one of the most modern modifications, and about 3,000 tanks of older models. As a result of this policy, several African countries have opened consulates in Western Sahara and thereby effectively declared their support for Morocco, thanks also to French pressure on former colonies in Central and Western Africa, at the explicit instigation of Washington. 192. "Morocco is in a difficult position where it needs to repair its relationship with the EU at the moment, and particularly now it wants to complete that process so it can focus its diplomatic efforts on the situation with Algeria. [39] The accord mandated a ceasefire for November 2, and announced that a commission consisting of Moroccan, Algerian, Ethiopian, and Malian officers would decide the boundaries of a demilitarized zone. It was also notable for ushering in the first multinational peacekeeping mission carried out by the Organisation of African Unity. First of all, this has been caused by provocative actions of external actors regarding the conflict in Western Sahara, and in particular the steps by the Trump administration to recognize Moroccan sovereignty over the disputed territory in late 2020. [23] The following year the two leaders set up a commission to demarcate the border and examine prospects for joint efforts to mine iron ore in the disputed region. Non- profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.================Chapters :0:00 Primary Information01:16 Land Power02:48 Air Power04:14 Naval Power05:15 End Attention These results are not 100% accurate. The two countries differ most bitterly over the disputed territory of Western Sahara, seen by Morocco as its own but where Algeria backs an armed independence movement. Forget about the speeches of December 2019, when the Moroccan monarch appealed to the newly elected president of Algeria, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, urging him to open a new chapter in the relations between the two neighbouring countries, based on mutual trust and constructive dialogue, and of August 2021, when Mohammed VI urged his excellency the Algerian president to work in unison for the development of fraternal relations. list of baking techniques SU,F's Musings from the Interweb. But in a pre-recorded video shown at the UN assembly, Moroccos foreign minister said Algeria needed to shoulder its responsibility for perpetuating an invented regional conflict, demanding that Algiers stop protecting a group of armed separatists in gross violation of international humanitarian law. Algeria and Morocco are in the same pot for the draw, so they will not meet. 32. [16], The French 19th Army Corps' Oran and Algiers divisions fought the At Khabbash, a fraction of the At Ounbgui khams of the At Atta confederation. By downloading this PDF you agree to subscribe to The Africa Report Daily newsletter, This year's AU could work to Morocco's advantage over Western Sahara, Morocco/Algeria : Tensions on the rise after Algerian show mocks the King, Morocco/Algeria: Western Sahara conflict shows signs of escalation, Morocco/Algeria: The armed forces behind the Western Sahara conflict, Morocco/Algeria: Military leaders in the shadows, Morocco/Algeria: Jeune Afrique, a magazine caught between two mortal enemies. Your response is private Was this worth your time? The Western Sahara conflict. In doing so, they have effectively pledged their support to Morocco. These developments were all it took for both countries media outlets to launch into virulent and often insulting smear campaigns against the opposing side. Algeria, meanwhile, achieved liberation in 1962 after a long and bloody civil war. [13] Beyond that there is only one border area, without limit, punctuated by tribal territories attached to Morocco or Algeria. In this video, I have compared the air and naval forces of both countries with you================ Arabic : . The United States made Algeria a "pivotal state" in the war on terror. Morocco accused the Algerian intelligence services of planning the deadly shooting, a claim that worsened diplomatic relations between the two neighboring countries. The first attempt led to a ten-year, incredibly violent war that lasted through the 1990s and failed to change the source of power in the country. By Andrew G. Farrand. Over the past fifteen years alone, Algeria has signed a series of major arms purchase contracts with Russia, including Su-30 fighter jets, S-300, S-400 and Pantsir-S1 air defense systems, as well as a batch of 600 T-90S tanks and some 300 Terminator infantry support fighting vehicles. This is especially true in the run-up to the appointment of the new UN special envoy for Western Sahara, the Italian-Swedish diplomat Staffan de Mistura, with current negotiations between Morocco and the Polisario Front at a standstill, and the voices that preach appeasement and conciliation being consistently ignored. After Morocco became a French protectorate in 1912, the French administration set borders between the two territories, but these tracks were often misidentified (Varnier line in 1912, Trinquet line in 1938), and varied from one map to another,[19] since for the French administration these were not international borders and the area was virtually uninhabited. . In addition, Morocco has been keen on mending ties with various European countries, among them Germany, after several fallouts in the past year. Algerias attachment to its principles and its determination not to deviate from them are a source of irritation to the Makhzen [Moroccos governing institution], and an impediment to the regimes questionable regional projects, the lieutenant general is quoted as saying. It resulted largely from the Moroccan government's claim to portions of Algeria's Tindouf and Bchar provinces. Relations between arch-enemies Morocco and Algeria have hit a new low after three Algerian truck drivers were killed on Monday. Morocco caught up with Algeria . Algeria keeps a strong cultural relationship with Iran, a legacy of its ensure neutrality. Obviously, you (Continue reading) [34] The troops were sent at the request of Ben Bella, though he would later deny this in 1997. 15. The war ended in 1962, when Algeria gained independence following the Evian agreements in March 1962 and the self-determination referendum in July 1962. Drones are light, cheap and easily transported and hidden. Not a week goes by without a new report of an attack on Moroccos defensive wall. In recent months, antagonisms between Morocco and Algeria . Drilat is a website that writes about many topics of interest to you, a blog that shares knowledge and insights useful to everyone in many fields. This might sound unconventional, but I'd go with blue-chip art. [41] The treaty was signed in Mali following a number of preliminary discussions between Hassan and Ben Bella. The second, peaceful attempt started in 2019 with thousands of demonstrators taking to the streets, week after week, first to protest . List of wars involving Morocco and the former entities that ruled the current Morocco. India. This is the start time of the game Morocco vs Algeria of 11th December in several countries: Argentina: 4:00 PM in FIFA TV. [28], Morocco's armed forces were smaller, but comparatively well-equipped and frequently took advantage of their superior firepower on the battlefield. In short, Mohammed VI, the supreme commander and chief of general staff of the Royal Armed Forces (FAR), appears bent on using military force to defend the kingdom's claims to what it considers its. The borders around this region were loosely defined. [26], The Algerian military, recently formed from the guerrilla ranks of the FLN's Arme de Libration Nationale (ALN), was still oriented towards asymmetric warfare, and had few heavy weapons. Morocco already has an irreconcilable enemy in the region, the hated Algeria. Mohamed Arkoun, a famous Algerian philosopher, recognizes the fact that while modern Algeria was born in the 1960's, Morocco had been a well-known and an established empire/country for centuries before that. During the Algerian War, Morocco backed the National Liberation Front, Algeria's leading nationalist movement, in its guerrilla campaign against the French. A presidential statement confirms that Tebboune had given the order to not renew the contract "in light of the hostile behavior of the (Moroccan) kingdom which undermines national unity.". It has the fifth-largest economy in Africa and wields significant influence in both Africa and the Arab world; it is considered a middle power in global affairs and holds membership in the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean, and the African Union. Morocco formally achieved its independence from France on March 2, 1956. In 2015, Algeria's military budget was $11 billion, while Morocco's was only $3 billion. First of all, because Algeria refuses to take such a step until a Palestinian state is established with East Jerusalem as its capital, despite the fact that some Arab states have already softened their stance on the issue. NATO: Finland forges ahead of Sweden toward membership, Ukraine updates: Zelenskyy calls for ICC Russia probe, Russian troops step up fight to cut off Bakhmut supply lines. Morocco denied the allegations and offered brotherly dialogue to settle decades-long divergences. Ad by Masterworks What's a good investment for 2023? What is happening between Morocco and Algeria? [27] Its logistics was also complicated by its vast array of largely obsolete weapons from a number of diverse sources, including France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, and the United States. The Africa Report takes stock of the forces at play and the risk of confrontation between the two North African giants. Marinid Sultanate (1244-1465) [ edit] Wattasid Sultanate (1472-1554) [ edit] Saadi Sultanate (1510-1659) [ edit] Alaouite Sultanate (1668-1912) [ edit] Kingdom of Morocco (1956-present) [ edit] References [ edit] ^ Mrini, Driss; Alaoui, Ismal (1997). 30. But history shows that countries do not always have complete control over the scale of their own aggression, as seemingly minor escalations have quickly degenerated in the past. Whilst the nature of French rule changed over this time, Algeria was administered as an integral part of France from 1848 until independence. Only England and Wales jurisdiction apply in all legal matters. Good news if tourist visa is the correct choice for the purpose of your trip to Algeria. Leading up to the final days of Trump's period in the White House, the former president signed a decree officially acknowledging (by America) Morocco's claim that the disputed territory is a legitimate sovereign part of the kingdom. So far, Morocco has denied any involvement in the bombings that took place in the Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara near the border with Mauritania. We are now talking about war between the two Maghreb countries. The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Middle East Eye. Earlier this week, Algeria and Italy signed a number of memorandums of understanding during a two-day . The Algerian War (also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence) was a major armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (French: Front de Libration Nationale - FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. [8] About 57 Moroccans and 379 Algerians were taken prisoner. In terms of military advantage, Algerias troops are generally considered to be more combat-ready, primarily because of their almost constant warfare against groups of radical Islamists based in the desert areas of the country, with all their personnel regularly taking part in anti-terrorist operations. Since its independence in 1962, Algeria has been a unique power in the Arab world: while other Arab countries have changed their ideology and foreign policy several times to suit the changing world, the PRDA has stood firm and continued to uphold the ideas of national sovereignty, the secular state, anti-imperialism and cooperation with all Arab and African states, while maintaining neutrality and refusing to join any military bloc. For 2023, Algeria is ranked 26 of 145 out of the countries considered for the annual GFP review. Algerian-Moroccan relations are heading towards further escalation after Algeria announced the immediate closure of its airspace to Moroccan aviation. Faroukdistinguished himself when commanding "African Lion 21",joint Moroccan-US exercises hosted by Morocco in June. Tensions between Algeria and Morocco have never been as tense in 45 years. On the side of the Allies, approximately 290,000 Algerian soldiers fought in the French Expeditionary Corps between 1943 and 1945, participating in the Italian campaign of 1943 and the invasion of southern France in 1944. And the combination of historical traditions, ideology and large gas resources allows the PRDA to successfully withstand any external pressure, including from the US, Western Europe and the member states of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG). Without advertising income, we can't keep making this site awesome for you. In this video, we have compared the military of the two countries. Even within the African Union, Algerias virtual monopoly on the Peace and Security Council, which previously gave the country a platform where it could discuss the Sahrawi question whenever the pan-African institution convened, is a thing of the past. Solar panel initiatives are already up and running but Morocco isfar from being energy-sufficient enough to cover such a loss. May 30, 2021 05:00 JST. Wake up to the essential with the Editor's picks. Palace security had up till then been overseen by the Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie and the General Directorate for National Security. The United States has maintained friendly relations with Algeria throughout the political upheavals of recent years, and the country continues to seek out stronger economic and political ties. A laureate of the Royal Military Academy, Farouk began in the infantry, before occupying several key military positions, including commander of the southern provinces, the position he filled for nearly 40 years and that has been virtually vacant since 2017. Against the background of these media reports, Britain is already trying to use the armed conflict, which has not yet begun, suddenly remembering that it has had a friendship treaty with Morocco since the 18th century. Morocco abandoned its attempts to control Bchar and Tindouf after OAU mediation. [28] For these reasons, the Cuban government formed the Grupo Especial de Instruccin to be sent to Algeria. Since its independence, Algeria has been a member of the Arab League, the African Union and of the United Nations. After Moroccan forces carried out an operation to drive Sahrawi separatists out of the Guerguerat crossing point in mid-November, as the rebel group had blocked access to the area, Sahrawi fighters are once again saying a war has erupted between Rabat and the Polisario. Did Algeria win the war against France? What time is Morocco vs Algeria match for Arab Cup? [5] Morocco's Western allies provided assistance, after Morocco's formal requests for military aid. [5], On October 5, representatives from Morocco and Algeria convened at Oujda to negotiate, but they were unable to deliver a solution. Tensions remain high between Algeria and Morocco over their opposing stances on the status of Western Sahara. The killing of thethree drivers on a desert road is the latest peak in a series ofgrowing tensionsbetween the two Maghreb states that support opposite sides of the dispute over the Western Sahara territory, a former Spanish colony. Observers believe that the current indicators . Aziz Chahir est docteur en sciences politiques et enseignant-chercheur Sal, au Maroc. They are based on google searches and volume search and are for entertainment purposes. The troops provided training to the Algerians, and their medical team offered the population free healthcare. While Tebboune has been upfront that his country would go to war with Morocco, both experts believe that there is actually little reason to fear an armed conflict at the moment. Located on the northwest coast of Africa and bordering Morocco, Algeria and Mauritania, Western Sahara - with just 500,000 people - has been the subject of a 47-year territorial dispute between the Polisario Front and Morocco.. Endowed with phosphate and fishing waters, the region became a Spanish colony after the Berlin Conference in 1885. DemDigest February 24, 2023 February 24, . The main culprit? After this, the U.S. has been more neutral on Algerian government political and civil rights violations. [21], In 1956 France relinquished its protectorate in Morocco, which immediately demanded the return of the disputed departments, especially Tindouf. Despite a truce in 1991, both sides have been at loggerheads for years. Morocco, in turn, has been receiving about 10% of its gas supply as compensation. [39] It was also determined that an Ethiopian and Malian team would observe the neutrality of the demilitarized zone. Although relations between Algeria and Morocco have never been smooth and rosy, recently they have turned from semi-cold to open hostility. Algeria's hostility toward Morocco since its independence in 1962 is considered a real enigma by many foreign observers. The landing forces were under the overall command of Major-General Charles W. Ryder, commanding general of the U.S. 34th Infantry Division. Russia has an embassy in Algiers and a consulate in Annaba, and Algeria has an embassy in Moscow. Moreover, a war between Morocco and Algeria would also exacerbate the issue of Sub-Saharan illegal immigration, and we may witness an avalanche of clandestine embarkations arriving in. Only England and Wales jurisdiction apply in all legal matters. [39] The meeting would be held to set up a commission to determine who was responsible for starting the war and to examine the frontier question and suggest methods for bringing about a lasting settlement of the conflict. Opinion Algeria Morocco China Chinese Communist Party. The United Nations has attempted to negotiate a settlement on the dispute, but Trump's announcement means the United States will be the first Western nation to officially endorse Morocco's claims. Despite ambiguous sentiment in Algeria concerning its former colonial power, France has maintained a historically favored position in Algerian foreign relations. The GFP country comparison form is provided to allow you to make direct, side-by-side comparisons of any two world powers represented in the GFP database. Algeria is Africas largest country, positioning itself as a regional power with its own principles. can rely on a broad social and political consensus that the Western Sahara should be Moroccan and he has little criticism to fear from his own people," Sonja Hegasy, Vice Director at the Berlin-based Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient (Leibniz Center for the Modern Orient, ZMO), told DW on the phone. [35] Just years after the victory of their own revolution, many Cubans identified with the Algerians and were eager to support them. An attack that Algeria says "will not go unpunished" killed three Algerian nationals earlier this week, and now Algiers is accusing its neighbour Morocco of being behind it. Algeria broke off diplomatic relations with Morocco in August 2021, accusing Rabat of "hostile acts". That's a relief for everyone, fans or not. Morocco meanwhile claims sovereignty over Western Sahara and sees its extended autonomy proposal as a solution to the conflict. Algeria has long supported the Palestine Liberation Organization since the 1970s and Algerian Presidents Houari Boumediene and Chadli Bendjedid both hosted and welcomed Yasser Arafat. Moroccos rapprochement with Israel, following the resumption of their diplomatic relations as part of a deal struck with the active participation of the US in December 2020, is highly criticized in Algeria. The attack left two people dead and was carried out by three Algerian-French nationals. In Algeria, the army is the key state institution which much of the country's well-being is based around; historically, the first leaders of an independent PDRA were military commanders of the "National Liberation Front", set up to liberate the country from French colonial forces. Algeria does not want war with Morocco, but it is ready to do so, the article said, and pointed to Algerias allegedly heightened concern about strengthening military cooperation between Israel and Morocco after they signed a defense agreement in November 2021, as a second reason for the strained relations. What did the US do in the Algerian War? Reviews: 86% of readers found this page helpful, Address: 2865 Kasha Unions, West Corrinne, AK 05708-1071, Hobby: Graffiti, Foreign language learning, Gambling, Metalworking, Rowing, Sculling, Sewing. In a carefully calculated moveaimed at neutralising the reach of the Moroccan military - which had formerly attempted a coup under the rule of King Hassan II - Mohammed VI placed the security of the royal palace and compound in the hands of the countrys armed forces. Ties stretch back to the 1795 Treaty of Peace and Amity, and in the modern era diplomatic relations date from 1962, when Algeria became independent from France. [14] Tuat owed religious[15] and tributary allegiance to the Sultans of Morocco, although it was separated from both Algeria and Morocco by a large uninhabited desert. The crew of guided-missile destroyer USS Russell, pictured in December 2020: U.S. ships are manned by far more experienced personnel. Algeria tried twice to change the nature of its political system. 4. Evoking friendly meetings with Morocco's King Mohamed VI and Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, Macron said he wanted to focus on what the . Algeria also provided arms and training for Palestinian militants. During the Yom Kippur War in 1973, Algeria sent an expeditionary force to fight Israel, including 59 aircraft (Mig-21, Mig-17, Su-7), an infantry platoon and an armored brigade (with an estimated 19 artillery weapons). [23] Morocco finally abandoned all claims to Algerian territory in 1972 with the Accord of Ifrane, though Morocco refused to ratify the agreement until 1989.[43]. The First Moroccan Crisis. In 1956, Morocco gained freedom, with Spain staying in Western Sahara until 1976. In Antiquity Algeria was known as the NUMIDIA KINGDOM and its people were called NUMIDIANS and IMAZIGHEN which means Free men . Who would win in a conventional war between Algeria, Morocco, Egypt vs Angola, Zambia, Rwanda? Morocco won the confrontation, but Algeria appeared . The Polisario Front fought a long war against Morocco to win the independence of the disputed Western Saharan territory. October 1963: Algeria and Morocco confronted each other militarily over a border dispute in the so-called Sand War in October 1963 following Algeria's independence on July 5, 1962. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statutes that might otherwise be infringing. For this reason, Algeria is extremely wary of attempts by NATO, especially France, the US and Britain, to interfere both in its internal affairs and those of other countries. Morocco vs Algeria Military Comparison 2022 | Who Would Win? With international attention concentrated for weeks on Russian forces amassed at Ukraine's borders, fewer resources have been spent anticipating the many second- and third-order effects that conflict between these two countries could trigger worldwide. [33], On October 22, hundreds of Cuban troops arrived at Oran. While Algeria has promised to meet Spain's demand by using the smaller undersea Medgaz-pipeline instead as it doesn't run through Morocco the decision has sparked fear of gas shortages and soaring energy prices in Spain and other European countries. [25] These factors prompted Hassan to begin moving troops towards Tindouf. Relations between Morocco and Algeria have been strained ever since they each gained their independence in the mid20th century. On the diplomatic stage, Algerian Foreign Minister Ramtane Lamamra and his Moroccan counterpart, Nasser Bourita, exchanged sharp words over Western Sahara at the UN general assembly on Monday. [28] Morocco also possessed modern strike aircraft, while Algeria did not. but in the long run India's mighty numbers will win the war. Algeria said . The Sand War or Sands War occurred along the Algerian-Moroccan border in October 1963, and was a Moroccan attempt to claim the Tindouf and the Bchar areas that France had annexed to French Algeria a few decades earlier. Copyright 2014 - 2023. Just a few days later, Algeria formally broke diplomatic relations with the Makhzen. [23] However, Hassan was reluctant to authorise it, fearing that another battle would prompt further military intervention from Algeria's allies. In reality, it is explained by the nature of power in Algeria, which, The Moroccan kingdom therefore continues to enjoy the support of the Americans, especially following the recognition by former US President Donald Trump of Moroccos claims to Western Sahara, in exchange for thenormalisationof relations between Morocco and Israel. [26] The Moroccans were determined to adjust the border, which the Algerians would not allow, resulting in an impasse. The war occurred in three distinct phases: initially France failed to understand who she was fighting and why, secondly the government seized the initiative and began to impose loses on the enemy three years after fighting began. Three factors contributed to the outbreak of this conflict: the absence of a precise delineation of the border between Algeria and Morocco, the discovery of important mineral . Considered a real enigma by many foreign observers 2, 1956 remain between. Possessed modern strike aircraft, while Algeria did not replace his predecessor, General Bouchaib Arroub, then command! Would not allow, resulting in an impasse copyright statutes that might otherwise infringing... Position in Algerian foreign relations not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Middle East Eye Organisation African. 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Ryder, commanding General of the southern... Defensive wall have been at loggerheads for years Instruccin to be sent to.... By three Algerian-French nationals Musings from who would win a war between morocco and algeria Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie and the risk of confrontation between two! Took place in the long run India & # x27 ; d go with blue-chip art foreign.. For you the Organisation of African Unity of your trip to Algeria have hit a new report of attack. 21St centuries is undoubtedly the question of Western Sahara near the border, which the Algerians, and Algeria been. Est docteur en sciences politiques et enseignant-chercheur Sal, au Maroc the editorial policy of Middle East Eye often smear... Treaty was signed in Mali following a number of preliminary discussions between and... Drivers were killed on Monday would not allow, resulting in an impasse a few days,. 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